Review Article

, 20 Apr 2026 | 10.6234610.62346/ijcn_v14_no2_26_01

Year : 2026 | Volume: 14 | Issue: 2 | Pages : 1-6

Design and Simulation of Hexagonal Lock-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications

Dr. G. Kalpanadevi¹ *, Deni Sebasta Raja, Hasin Zafina Nizam Moideen, Kirisha Murugan, Kirubha Shrivaishnavi Gnanaguru

1Anna University Chennai, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering K. Ramakrishnan college of engineering, Tamilnadu, IN

This paper describes the design, simulation, and analysis of a new hexagonal lock-shaped microstrip patch antenna that operates at 2.4 GHz. It aims applications such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Zigbee. The antenna shows a hexagonal radiating patch with a semi-circular loop element that looks like a padlock. It is made on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4. A 50-? microstrip transmission line feeds the antenna and includes a stepped impedance matching network. Simulation results from CST Studio Suite shows a return loss (S11) of -12.27 dB at 2.401 GHz and a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.64 at 2.401 GHz. Thus, showing good impedance matching and efficient power transfer to the radiating element. The compact design, with an overall size of about 30 mm × 30 mm, makes the antenna suitable for modern wireless communication devices.

Conclusion

A novel hexagonal lock-shaped microstrip patch antenna for the 2.4-GHz was designed and simulated in this study. The antenna consists of a hexagonally shaped radiating patch with a semicircle-shaped shackle along with a key-hole-shaped centre slot to obtain resonance at 2.401 GHz frequency, where the S11 is ?12.27 dB with VSWR equal to 1.64. Through comparative analysis with previous designs, it is evident that the antenna under study is superior to other designs in both return losses and VSWR. From the simulation results, it is clear that the proposed antenna meets the basic requirement of 2.4 GHz WLAN application operation through impedance matching, where VSWR < 2.0; additionally, the new antenna provides a better value of S11 and VSWR than other considered designs. With the dimensions of 30 mm × 30 mm, the proposed antenna can be fabricated on a standard printed circuit board (PCB).

Author Contributions

Deni Sebasta Raja², Hasin Zafina Nizam Moideen³, Kirisha Murugan⁴, Kirubha Shrivaishnavi Gnanaguru⁵

denisebasta25@gmail.com², hasinrounak1630@gmail.com³, kirishamurugan21@gmail.com⁴, kirubhashrivaishnavi@gmail.com⁵

Students, Department of ECE, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

References

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Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna, hexagonal antenna, 2.4-GHz application, return loss, VSWR, CST simulation, Wi-Fi antenna, impedance matching.

Citation: Dr. G. Kalpanadevi*, Dr. G. Kalpanadevi ( 2026), Design and Simulation of Hexagonal Lock-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications. , 14(2): 1-6

Received: 01/04/2026; Accepted: 20/04/2026;
Published: 20/04/2026

Edited by:

Mr.ERES JOURNALS

Reviewed by:

*Correspondence: Dr. G. Kalpanadevi, kalpanadevig.ece@krce.ac.in