Simulation of Decision Review system using Sound and Image Signals
DR. G. KALPANADEVI1, CHARANRAJ I2, GOPALAKRISHNAN G3, GURU PRASATH J4,
HARI PRIYA J5
1kalpanadevig.ece@krce.ac.in
2charan17ilango@gmail.com,
3gopalakrishnan2005g@gmail.com,
4prasathg214@gmail.com,
5haripriya230407@gmail.com,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
K. Ramakrishnan college of engineering,
Tamilnadu
Abstract: - The Decision Review System (DRS) has completely
changed the cricket umpiring by using the signal processing techniques which
improves decision accuracy. This system uses high speed cameras and
microphones, strategically positioned to gather essential
visual and audio inputs by which it can record bat-ball interactions and track
ball trajectories. Snickometer and Hot Spot
technologies analyze synchronized sound waves and thermal images to accurately
identify edges and ball contacts. By observing
the ball's flight
path, Hawk-Eye technology build up LBW rulings. Similarly, motion detection and object
tracking techniques analyze
the visual data frame by frame and it filters
algorithms and also removes noise from auditory sources.
This combination of technologies helps us to replicate the on- field events
accurately, which provides a strong foundation for umpire rulings. Validation
against the actual match situations ensures the system's strength and practical
reality. The validation process makes sure the DRS simulation matches what
actually happens in cricket matches by checking things like weather
and pitch conditions. This helps make the system more accurate
and trustworthy. This study
shows how DRS connects theory from signal processing with real sports
situations, turning technical ideas into practical
tools used on the field.
In the end, DRS is a great example of how science
can make cricket fairer and
clearer, giving players, umpires, and fans more confidence in the decisions
made during the game.
Key Word:
Decision Review System,
Snickometer,
Hot spot technology, LBW decision, Hawk eye.
The Decision Review
System (DRS) in cricket is a major step toward
making umpiring decisions fairer and more accurate. To capture sounds and videos during
the game it uses different tools like microphones placed near the stumps and highspeed cameras
around the field. The Snickometer listens
very carefully for any sharp sounds when the ball touches the bat and matches this sound with the slow- motion video and replays
to confirm it .
The Hot Spot uses special cameras
that detect heat to show the
correct spot where actually the ball hits. Hawk-Eye tracks the ball’s flight to
helps us to decide, if it would have hit the stumps or not, which is important
for LBW calls.
The system cleans up the
sound and video data to remove
any background noise and keeps track of the
ball’s movement. All this information is altogether combined in a software which helps the umpires to review
the tough decisions quickly
and correctly. This combination of
technology and smart computer programs shows how scientific
ideas can be used in sports to make the game fairer and make sure that everyone trust the
decisions made on the field.
In earlier days, decision-making in cricket relied solely on
on-field umpires, whose judgement often became inconsistent in fast-paced or highly ambiguous situations. Traditional replay systems provided limited clarity since they depended only on 2D video footage,
making it difficult to confirm faint
edges or predict ball movement accurately. To overcome these
limitations, researchers began introducing specialized technologies focusing on
sound and image analysis.
A. Sharma et
al. (2019) presented a fundamental audio detection model called Snickometer, which recognized abrupt increases in sound amplitude to signal potential bat-ball contact, but faced challenges in noisy match settings. R.
Patel and S. Kumar (2020) employed frame-by-frame image analysis to monitor the
ball’s path, obtaining enhanced precision but encountering challenges with
quick movements and obstruction. Additional progress integrated visual and
auditory signals for improved dependability. K. Verma et al. (2021)
investigated infrared and thermal-based contact detection techniques; however, their high implementation costs
limited their practical use in
affordable systems.
A recent study by T. Banerjee and M. Iyer
(2023) utilized inexpensive cameras and digital signal processing to mimic essential characteristics of DRS tools like Snickometer and Hawk-Eye,
facilitating real-time event recognition with lower complexity. Studies
collectively emphasize a transition from basic replay analysis to advanced,
sensor-enhanced decision-making systems. This study expands on these advancements by modeling a cost-effective DRS system that utilizes synchronized audio analysis and
image-processing techniques to identify edges and assess ball trajectory, providing
enhanced decision support for cricket use.
Gathering the required signals is the initial stage in simulating
a Decision Review System (DRS) . A microphone that positioned close to the
stumps in the ground records sound signals by capturing the sound of the ball while passing
near the bat if the edge is there. To find edges for catches,
this is crucial. High-speed like hawk eye cameras are positioned throughout the field to record image signals for make
even more better. The system is able
to follow the ball's trajectory because these cameras capture the ball's
movement in several frames that will be monitored by a 3rd umpire. Digital storage of both audio and visual
data provides unprocessed input for additional processing. Accurate signals are collected is ensured
by placing cameras and microphones appropriately.
The signals are processed after acquisition in order to obtain useful
information that taken
from sounds and cameras. In order to determine if the ball has
touched the bat, the sound signal is examined for spikes. Some Basic signal
processing methods are used to filter
out noise. The trajectory of the ball is tracked by analyzing the visual signal frame by frame using the cameras around the ground. The ball's route is ascertained by methods such as motion
detection, frame differencing, and object tracking.
The technology can forecast whether the ball will strike the stumps
using this information. Accurate
decision simulation requires both sound and picture processing. This stage connects the DRS simulation's
raw signals with decision-making.
The final choice is then made using the signals that have been
taken on field. An "OUT" is
made if a spike is heard when the ball edged to the bat, indicating a potential
edge the spikes are made. The choice is also "OUT" if the ball trajectory indicates that it would
strike the stumps
in an LBW situation when
the ball is close to the stumps. The
method shows "NOT OUT" if there is no spike and the ball miss the stumps or pitched around
the pitch while
the bowler bowls the ball from the around the pitch.
This stage mimics the actual umpire's decision-making procedure. Accuracy and dependability are monitored by combining sound
and picture data that will be monitored by the umpires.
User can grasp the final result by viewing it as
text or basic graphics. Programming languages that allow audio and picture
processing, like Python, MATLAB, or Java, can be used to implement the DRS
simulation in many monitors. Using
sound signals and video frames as input, the application uses algorithms to
monitor the motion of the ball while moving from the bowler’s hand to batsman
and identify edges if the ball touch the bat. Along with optional
visual assistance like sound spike graphs or ball path charts
these are used with hawk eye cameras, the system shows the decision. This enables users to view the analysis and comprehend the decision-making process.
The application shows how signals
and systems principles in
sports technology can be used practically importantly in cricket, demonstrating
how theoretical knowledge in day today life can be utilized in practical
situations.
It is more crucial to verify the accuracy of the system
we used after the simulation has been implemented in cricket. To make sure the choices reflect reality,
simulation results are compared with real match conditions based on the weather conditions, bowling pitch or batting pitch, etc. For increased accuracy, thresholds for sound spike
detection are taken and ball trajectory prediction can be changed in future.
The system's performance can be assessed by testing several
scenarios, including edges,
LBWs, hitting pad, hit
wickets and missed balls. This
validation process guarantees that the DRS simulation's dependability and illustrates on the practical application
of signals and systems concepts. Appropriate validation shows the simulations useful for educational
and sports technology applications
and boosts
confidence in its outcomes.
Fig 1: Block Diagram
The third umpire may use the Snickometer
if players or on-field umpires use the Decision Review System (DRS). The technology helps determine whether the
ball has come into touch with the bat, other
equipment, or the player's body. The sound wave can be determined
next to the frame by play motion. If there is a leather-on-willow sound, which is usually a short,
abrupt sound that produces a sharp waveform, in time with the ball crossing the
bat, the ball is deemed to have struck the bat. If it happens too soon or too late, it is determined that the spike
on the waveform was not caused by the ball hitting the bat. If it happens too
late or too early, it is determined that the spike on the waveform was not brought
on by the ball hitting the bat.
Other sounds, such the bat
hitting the pitch or the ball hitting the batsman's pads, typically have a less distinct
shape on the sound waveform, allowing for some degree of accuracy in
identifying the type of contact that caused the sound. Microphones Sensitive
microphones are placed near to the stumps and in the broadcaster's box to capture
acoustic signals during gameplay.
The device analyzes the audio signals as the ball passes the bat
to look for any odd sounds that would point to an edge. By receiving the audio
signals from video, it converts into visual representation of the signal.
Real-Time Analysis: During the
crucial it offers clear and accurate decision. Snickometer
often works in conjunction with Hotspot, an alternative tool that uses thermal
photography to detect ball-to-bat contact and offers a comprehensive analysis
of potential edges.
An oscilloscope is a type of electrical test device that
graphically displays the fluctuating voltages of one or more signals
as a function of time. It is sometimes referred
to as an O-scope or scope informally. Recording electrical signal data for characterization, analysis,
or debugging is their main purpose. The given
waveform can then be analyzed
for features like amplitude, frequency, rising time, time interval,
distortion, and others.
Initially, these values
had to be calculated by manually measuring
the waveform against the
scales built into the instrument's screen. Modern digital gadgets can easily
calculate and show these attributes.
An infrared imaging
tool used in cricket, Hot Spot determines if the ball has struck the pad, bat, or batter. Hot Spot requires
two infrared cameras
that are placed on opposite
sides of the ground above the playing area and continuously take
pictures. Any suspected
nick or bat/pad event can be verified by examining the infrared image, which
frequently shows a bright spot where contact friction from the ball has raised the local temperature. When referrals to an off-field third
umpire are permitted, the technology helps the on-field umpire make more
accurate choices. When referrals are
forbidden, the method is primarily used as an analytical tool for television coverage. Hot Spot uses two infrared cameras at either
end of the ground. These cameras identify
and quantify the heat generated
by friction when a ball hits a pad, a bat, the ground, or a glove. Using a subtraction method, a series of
black-and-white negative frames
are created on a computer
to precisely locate
the ball's point of impact.
The project Simulation of a basic Decision Review System using Sound and Image Signals,
shows how mixing sound and visual
data can make sports decisions more accurate and fairer. By this it will give a clear idea of how DRS works — by
finding bat-ball contact using sound detection and detecting the ball’s path through image processing. When both signals
are combined, it helps reduce confusion if one
of them fails, making the final result more trustable. The system works quite
good in test conditions, but small problems like
delay in synchronization and background noise
still affect its accuracy.
In future, better fusion
methods and faster
real-time processing can make the system more efficient and closer
to real-world use. Finally,
this simulation shows
that multi signal
processing can make automated decision systems smarter, faster, and
more trustworthy in sports technology.
Fig 2: Ball tracking in DRS
Fig 2: This shows the ball tracking technology (like Hawk-Eye) which predicts the path of the ball after
hitting the batsman, indicating if it would have hit the stumps (Wickets) or if
the impact and Pitching points are valid for an LBW dismissal.
Fig 3: Ultra Edge and Impact analysis
Fig 3: This
composite image demonstrates the use of Ultra Edge (a sophisticated version of
Hot Spot / Snickometer)
to detect contact between the bat and the ball (an edge). It also shows the full
analysis display used by the third umpire, which include Original decision,
wickets (Ball tracking prediction), Impact (Where the ball hit the pad / body),
Pitching (Where the ball first bounced).
Fig 4: Snickometer showing possible edge
Fig 4: This picture shows a cricket moment using the Snickometer
to see if the ball hit the bat. The sound wave
on screen jump right when ball pass the bat, showing maybe small edge. It helps
umpire to know if batsman is out or not in tight situation.
The Decision Review System (DRS) has really changed the way how
today's cricket is being played. Smart tools like microphones to hear sounds near the stumps, super-fast cameras
to see where the ball goes, and heat cameras
to show where
the ball hits are being
used. This will help umpires
to make better decisions and reduce the mistakes. The system removes
background noise, checks both sound and video together, and can also guess
where the ball will go next. It is tested often during real matches to make
sure it works well in all kinds of weather and on different pitches. DRS shows
how science and technology make cricket
fairer and more accurate. It helps players,
umpires, and fans feel confident
that every decision is fair and proves how useful new technology is in
today’s game.
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